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Vowel sounds by the tongue position, partial list.

Vowel sounds by the tongue position.

The vowels are called pure sounds.

Practice reading aloud each word as clear and as loud as you can. Go down the list.

Exercise 1: Recite the following

[word]	[sound]	[tongue position]	[tongue height]
1.       Bead(beed)	ea	front	high
2.       Bid(bid)	i	front	high
3.       Bade(bad)	a	front	medium high
4.       Bed(bed)	e	front	medium low
5.       Bad(bad)	a	front	medium low
6.       Bide(bahyd)	i	front	medium low

Decaffeinated Friday the 13th

Densities of seasoned & dry wood are indicated in the table below:

Densities of seasoned & dry wood are indicated in the table below:

Solid	Density (kg/m3)
		Teak, African	980 61.2
Box	950 - 1160 59.3 - 72.4
Satinwood	950 59.3
Logwood	910 56.8
Persimmon	900 56.2
Rosewood, East Indian	900 56.2
Mahogany, Spanish	850 53.1
Pine, pitch	830  850 51.8
Elm, Rock	820 51.2
Gum, Blue	820 51.2
Rosewood, Bolivian	820 51.2
Zebrawood	790 49.3
Oak, American White	770 48.1
Pecan	770 48.1
Dogwood	760 47.4
Holly	760 47.4
Keruing	740 46.2
Madrone	740 46.2
Oak, American Red	740 46.2
Oak, English Brown	740 46.2
Teak, Burma	740 46.2
Afrormosia	710 44.3
Ash, European	710 44.3
Meranti, dark red	710 44.3
Beech	700 - 900 43.7 - 56.2
Elm, Wych	690 43.1
Locust	670 - 710 41.8 - 44.3
Birch, British	670 41.8
Birch, European	670 41.8
Ramin	670 41.8
Yew	670 41.8
Teak, Indian	660 - 980 41.2 - 61.2
Plum	660 - 780 41.2 - 48.7
Iroko	660 41.2
Mahogany, Cuban	660 41.2
Myrtle	660 41.2
Utile	660 41.2
Apple	650 - 850 40.6 - 53.1
Ash, white	650 - 850 40.6 - 53.1
Mahogany, Honduras	650 40.6
Walnut	640 - 700 40 - 43.7
Plane, European	640 40
Sapele	640 40
Tanguile	640 40
Cherry	630 - 900 39.3 - 56.2
Cherry, European	630 39.3
Walnut, Amer Black	630 39.3
Maple	620 - 750 38.7 - 46.8
Hackberry	620 38.7
Pear	610 - 730 38.1 - 45.6
Hickory	600 - 930 37.5 - 58.1
Oak	600 - 900 37.5 - 56.2
Gum, Black	590 36.8
Philippine Red Luan	590 36.8
Cedar of Lebanon	580 36.2
Elm, American	570 35.6
Magnolia	570 35.6
Walnut, European	570 35.6
Chestnut, sweet	560 35
Elm, Dutch	560 35
Juniper	560 35
Lime, European	560 35
Parana Pine	560 35
Elm, English	550 - 600 34.3 - 37.5
Elm	540 - 600 33.7 - 37.5
Ash, black	540 33.7
Gum, Red	540 33.7
Douglas Fir	530 33.1
Oregon Pine	530 33.1
Birch	510 - 770 31.8 - 48.1
Agba	510 31.8
Cypress(sahy-pruhs)	510 31.8
Pine, Corsican	510 31.8
Pine, Scots	510 31.8
Redwood, European	510 31.8
Mahogany(muh-hog-uh-nee)African	500 - 850 31.2 - 53.1
Larch	500 - 560 31.2 - 35
Hemlock, western	500 31.2
Cedar(see-der)	490 - 570 30.6 - 35.6
Walnut, Claro	490 30.6
Spruce	480 - 780 30 - 48.7
Pine, radiata	480 30
Whitewood, European	470 29.3
Redwood, American	450 28.1
Spruce, Canadian	450 28.1
Spruce, Sitka	450 28.1
Spruce, western white	450 28.1
Gaboon	430 26.8
Spruce, Norway	430 26.8
Alder	420 - 680 26.2 - 42.5
Aspen	420 26.2
Pine, yellow	420 26.2
Cottonwood	410 25.6
Sycamore	400 - 600 25 - 37.5
Willow	400 - 600 25 - 37.5
Obeche	390 24.3
Butternut	380 23.7
Cedar, western red	380 23.7
Pine, white	350 - 500 21.9 - 31.2
Poplar	350 - 500 21.9 - 31.2
Basswood	320 - 590 20 - 36.8
Bamboo	310 - 400 19.4 - 25
Lignum Vitae	1170 - 1330 73 - 83
Ebony	1110 - 1330 69.3 - 83
Balsa	110 - 140 6.87 - 8.74
Greenheart	1040 64.9
Blue gum	1000 62.4
Water gum	1000 62.4

• 1 kg/m³ = 0.001 g/cm³ = 0.0005780 oz/in³ = 0.16036 oz/gal (Imperial) = 0.1335 oz/gal (U.S.) = 0.0624 lb/ft³ = 0.000036127 lb/in³ = 1.6856 lb/yd³ = 0.010022 lb/gal (Imperial) = 0.008345 lb/gal (U.S) = 0.0007525 ton/yd³

• Lumber dimensions
• Mass and density in the Imperial system
• Unit Converter

After felling, timber will lose moisture to align itself with the atmospheric conditions. Moisture content should be lower than 20% to stop fungal attack. Seasoning is the name of the process where moisture content is reduced to the appropriate level for proposed use.
Shrinkage will occurs as a result of the moisture loss - typical 3-4% across the grain.
https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/wood-density-d_40.html

Happy Thanksgiving pronunciation table

Repeat the words aloud. Look up words you don’t know.  Remember to breathe. This is a good, quick, fast, list.

a	pat		k	kick, cat,		o	boot
a	pay		l	lid, needle		u	out
a	care		m	Melrose Ave.		p	pop
a	father		n	no, sudden		r	roar
b	bib		n	thing		s	sauce
c	church		o	pot		sh	ship, dish
d	deed, milled		o	toe(tow)		t	tight
e	pet		o	caught, paw, for, horrid(hawr-id), hoarse		th	thin
e	bee		oi	noise		th	this
f	phase(feyz), rough(ruhf)		o	took		u	cut
g	gag		r	urge, term, firm, word, heard		u	butter
h	Happy Thanksgiving		v	valve
hw	which		w	with
i	pit		y	yes
i	Pumpkin pie		z	zebra
i	pier(peer)		zh	vision, pleasure, garage
j	judge		a	about, item, edible(ed-uh-buhyl), gallop, circus

Vowels