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1.       Aa (ey) as in Alfa (al-fuh)

2.       Bb(bee) as in Bravo (brah-voh)

3.       Cc(see) as in Charlie (chahr-lee)

4.       Dd(dee) as in Delta (del-tuh)

5.       Ee(ee) as in Echo (ek-oh)

6.       Ff(ef)as in Foxtrot (foks-trot)

7.       Gg(jee)as in Golf (gawlf)

8.       Hh(eych)as in Hotel (hoh-tel)

9.       Ii(ahy)as in India (in-dee-uh)

10.    Jj(jey)as in Juliet (joo-lee-uht)

11.    Kk(key)as in Kilo (kee-loh)

12.    Ll(el)as in Lima (lee-muh)

13.    Mm(em) as in Mike (mahyk)

14.    Nn(en) as in November (noh-vem-ber)

15.    Oo(oh) as in Oscar (os-ker)

16.    Pp(pee) as in Papa (pah-puh)

17.    Qq(kyoo) as in Quebec (kwi-bek)

18.    Rr(ahr) as in Romeo (roh-mee-oh)

19.    Ss(es) as in Sierra (see-er-uh)

20.    Tt(tee) as in Tango (tang-goh)

21.    Uu(yoo) as in Uniform (yoo-nuh-fawrm)

22.    Vv(vee) as in Victor (vik-ter)

23.    Ww(duhb-uhl-yoo) as in Whiskey (hwis-kee)

24.    Xx(eks) as in X-ray (eks-rey)

25.    Yy(wahy) as in Yankee (yang-kee)

26.    Zz(zee) as in Zulu (zoo-loo)

Compare and Contrast

Bet (bet)
Bed (bed)

Boat (boht)
      Bought (bawt)

Bolt (bohlt)

Bold (bohld)
Bald (bawld)

Irregular nouns

1.       alumnus(uh-luhm-nuhs)	2.       alumni(uh-luhm-nahy)
3.       analysis(uh-nal-uh-sis)	4.       analyses(an-l-ahyz)
5.       appendix(uh-pen-diks)	6.       appendices(uh-pen-duh-seez)
7.       axis(ak-sis)	8.       axes(ak-seez)
9.       bacterium (bak-teer-ee-uh m)	10.    bacteria(bak-teer-ee-uh)

Let's get started young readers. A selection of fun, easy books.

Final Review: Questions and Activities-American English

7.37   Final Review: Questions and Activities

The following questions are based on material presented in the book.
Some require activities, some are brief questions, and some can be long and scholarly research oriented.

1. Is a novice a beginner or an expert?
2. Create a premise line for a movie idea.
3. Create a sentence for each animal.
4. Create a sentence giving directions from your house to the nearest post office.
5. Create a sentence giving directions from your house to the nearest Hospital.
6. Create a sentence with a cliché in it.
7. Create a state song based on your experiences.
8. Create your slogan for your own company.
9. Describe your current job in detail.
10. Do you hasten or dawdle when you walk through the forest?
11. Do you like to put pepper or salt on your food?
12. Do you prefer milk or dark chocolate?
13. Do you prefer sitting in the shade or the sun?
14. How fast was the driver going when she got pulled over by the motorcycle officer?
15. How many mirrors are in your house?
16. How many sides are there in a tetrahedron shape?
17. How many state Capitals can you list by memory?
18. How many varieties of pears can you name?
19. How many years is four score?
20. How much did the buyer pay for the wristwatch?
21. How much does a one-month unlimited Metro pass cost?
22. How much does a stamp cost?
23. How much does an unlimited one-day metro pass cost?
24. If you were The President and got a new pet what would you name it?
25. In Poker, which hand is better, a four of a kind, or a full house.
26. In the two-syllable word admit, where is the stress placed?
27. In the word guarantee, where is the stress place?
28. List the types of wood you find in your immediate environment.
29. Repeat each of the following numbers aloud: 2000, 2019, $5,678.23, 67,893, 564,908, and 5,684,927
30. The antonym of freedom is?
31. The antonym of last is?
32. The architectural structure noted by DaVinci for added strength is called an arch; create a list of places where this can be seen.
33. Did they find a moon of Jupiter that is filled with what element?
34. What are some synonyms for credulous?
35. What are the antonyms for the following words: advance, ally, bent, blunt, pride? Create a complete sentence for each one.
36. What are the mitigating circumstances for your late arrival?
37. What are wedding vows (vouz)?
38. What coin did the crooked man find?
39. What color is your favorite suit? What color is your Car?
40. What color tulips does the florist sell?
41. What did Peter Piper pick?
42. What did you have for breakfast this morning?
43. What do we need to look for in the locker?
44. What do you call a foot doctor?
45. What do you call a manicured garden of hedges that has rows, aisles, and dead ends?
46. What do you like on your pizza?
47. What event is President Lincoln referring to?
48. What forms must you complete for a mortgage refinance?
49. What happens to the car at the mechanic?
50. What heavenly instrument has its plane of strings perpendicular to the soundboard?
51. What Humphrey Bogart movie features a Hurricane in Florida?
52. What is an antonym for sane?
53. What is Smokey the Bear’s motto?
54. What is the Capitol of Sweden?
55. What is the name of an amphibious animal that catches flies with its long tongue?
56. What is the name of the part of the trachea that contains the vocal cords?
57. What is your address? Practice repeating aloud as if you were in a taxi.
58. What is your astrological sign?
59. What is your favorite animal?
60. What is your favorite Shakespearean play?
61. What is your favorite state flower?
62. What is your favorite state motto and why?
63. What is your favorite Tea? How do you like it prepared?
64. What is your favorite type of sandwich?
65. What kind of bear is your favorite and why?
66. What kind of makeup is used to add red color to your cheek?
67. What kinds of chairs are designed for sitting for long periods?
68. What letter comes after M in the American English Alphabet?
69. What procedure helps to remove body fat?
70. What state is the Red Hill in?
71. What synonym can you use to describe a cartoon?
72. What traditional precious stone/jewel do you give to your partner on the fifteenth wedding anniversary? On the fortieth?
73. What types of weather are mentioned in the Postman’s Motto?
74. What words can you say that rhyme with a roar?
75. What year was American in Paris?
76. What’s your favorite yoga posture?
77. When did the couple start dancing?
78. When was the last time you went to a post office? Describe the visit.
79. Where did you go on your last taxi cab ride?
80. Where do Hurricanes hardly ever happen?
81. Where is Lindsay filming?
82. Which amendment in the bill of rights guarantees the freedom against self-incrimination?
83. Which animal on the list of animals are you most scared (skaird) of?
84. Which composer’s music have you heard?
85. Which day of the week is your favorite and why?
86. Which day of the week were you born on?
87. Which day of the year has equal amounts of daytime and nighttime?
88. Which element from the first fifteen elements is densest?
89. Which of the corporate slogans is your favorite?
90. Which planet in our Solar system has the largest equatorial diameter?
91. Which planet would you like to visit and why?
92. Which President is your favorite and why?

"S" WORDS

Create a sentence for each "s" word.

SACK: Just put the fruit in the sack.

SEE: Did you see the owl?

SICK: If you feel sick, go home, said Adele.

SIGH: With a big sigh, she took the medicine.

SIT: Please sit down.

SO: So, when are you going back to school?

SOAP: 

SOCK

SOME

SOUP

SUE

SUN

Order of adjectives inside the sentence.

The following is the order of adjectives when used in a sentence.

Size then shape then age then color then origin then material
size/shape/age/color/origin/material

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American English

Present	I, we, you, they	go	I go to work at 7am every day.
	he, she, it	goes	She goes to the beach in the morning.
Present Progressive	I	am going (goh-ing)	I am going to the beach today.
	we, you, they	are going	They are going to the beach today.
	he, she, it	is going	She is going to the beach.
Present                          Intensive	I, we, you, they	do go	I do go to the Dentist at least twice a year.
	he, she, it	does go	He does go to the therapist every week.
Future	I, he, she, it, we, you, they	will go	They will go to couple’s therapy.
Past	I, he, she, it, we, you they	went	They went to couple’s therapy.
Past Progressive	I, he, she, it	was going	I was going to the game when the accident occurred.
	we, you, they	were going	They were going to drive to Vegas.
Past Intensive	I, he, she, it, we, you, they	did go	They did go to Brazil last summer.
Present Perfect	I, we, you, they	have gone	We have gone without food for two days.
	he, she, it	has gone	She has gone to the same resort for ten years.
Past Perfect	I, he, she, it, we, you, they	had gone	They had gone to Europe before.
Future Perfect	I, he, she, it, we, you, they	will have gone	By Tuesday, I will have gone by bus.

Stephen Hawking's final paper

Stephen Hawking's final paper that he and his colleagues completed just days before his death has now been published. It's titled "Black Hole Entropy and Soft Hair," co-authored with Sasha Haco, Malcolm J. Perry, and Andrew Strominger, about the black hole information paradox. Here is the abstract:


A set of infinitesimal VirasoroL⊗VirasoroR diffeomorphisms are presented which act non-trivially on the horizon of a generic Kerr black hole with spin J. The covariant phase space formalism provides a formula for the Virasoro charges as surface integrals on the horizon. Integrability and associativity of the charge algebra are shown to require the inclusion of `Wald-Zoupas' counterterms. A counterterm satisfying the known consistency requirement is constructed and yields central charges cL=cR=12J. Assuming the existence of a quantum Hilbert space on which these charges generate the symmetries, as well as the applicability of the Cardy formula, the central costs reproduce the macroscopic area-entropy law for generic Kerr black holes.

The Guardian has a translation:

In the latest paper, Hawking and his colleagues show how some information (contained in an object that falls into a black hole) at least may be preserved. Toss an object into a black hole and the black hole’s temperature ought to change. So too will a property called entropy, a measure of an object’s internal disorder, which raises the hotter it gets.
The physicists, including Sasha Haco at Cambridge and Andrew Strominger at Harvard, show that a black hole’s entropy may be recorded by photons that surround the black hole’s event horizon, the point at which light cannot escape the intense gravitational pull. They call this sheen of photons “soft hair.”
“What this paper does is show that ‘soft hair’ can account for the entropy,” said Perry. “It’s telling you that soft hair is doing the right stuff.”
It is not the end of the information paradox though. “We don’t know that Hawking entropy accounts for everything you could throw at a black hole, so this is a step along the way,” said Perry. “We think it’s a pretty good step, but there is a lot more work to be done.”

A list homonyms continued

able, strong. Are you able to lift that?
Abel, a name. Hi my name is Abel, nice to meet you.

acts, deeds. What acts have you done?
axe, a tool. Do you have an axe to grind?

ad, advertisement. I'd like to place an ad on your website.
add, to increase. Can we add some garlic?

ail, pain. What ails you?
ale, a liquor. I'd like an ale, this evening.

ait, an island
ate, devoured
eight, the number after seven

all, everyone
awl, a tool

aloud, with noise
allowed, permitted

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Ologists

1. biotechnologist
2. chronobiologist
3. cryptozoologist
4. endocrinologist
5. geochronologist
6. geomorphologist
7. ophthalmologist
8. phenomenologist
9. psychobiologist
10. roentgenologist
11. sedimentologist

Very, very, very

Very (adjective) Replacement
1. very bright 2. luminous
3. very careful 4. cautious
5. very clear 6. obvious
7. very cold         8. freezing
9. very colorful 10. vibrant

Eucalyptus

Eucalyptus (yoo-kuh-lip-tuhs): Eucalyptus oil is the name for distilled oil from the leaf of Eucalyptus, native to Australia and cultivated worldwide. Eucalyptus oil has a history of wide application, as a drug, antiseptic, insect repellent, flavoring, fragrance, and industrial uses. The leaves of many Eucalyptus species are steam distilled to extract eucalyptus oil.

MLA and APA guides

MLA (8th ed.)

https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/section/2/11/

http://www.easybib.com/guides/citation-guides/mla-8/

MLA_template.docx

(MLA 7th ed. Template. You can still use it, but make sure you incorporate the 8th ed. tweaks.)

APA (6th ed.)

https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/section/2/10/

http://www.easybib.com/guides/citation-guides/apa-format/

APA_template.docx