Coffee Bar Drinks

5.14             Coffee Bar Drinks

Exercise 1: Repeat the following coffee drinks aloud.

Exercise 2: Write a sentence about which drink is your favorite and why.

1.       Americano: Espresso brewed to the top of the cup with added boiling water.

2.       Brewed coffee: Using water between 195-205 degrees Fahrenheit to make the perfect cup.

3.       Café au lait (oh ley): Brewed coffee with steamed milk and foam.

4.       Café caramel: Brewed coffee with caramel, steamed milk, and foam.

5.       Café latte: Espresso with steamed milk and foam.

6.       Café mocha: Brewed coffee with chocolate, steamed milk, and foam.

7.       Café vanilla: Brewed coffee with vanilla, steamed milk, and foam.

8.       Cappuccino(kap-oo-chee-noh): Espresso with foam and steamed milk.

9.       Caramel latte(lah-tey): Espresso with caramel, steamed milk, and foam.

10.    Caramel mocha latte: Espresso with chocolate, caramel, steamed milk, and foam.

11.    Chai tea latte: Chai tea blend with hazelnut and steamed milk.

12.    Espresso(e-spres-oh): A coffee made by forcing water under pressure through dark roast coffee beans.

13.    Espresso Cubano: Espresso blended with raw sugar.

14.    Hazelnut latte: Espresso with hazelnut, steamed milk, and foam.

15.    Hot chocolate: Steamed milk with chocolate topped with whipped cream.

16.    Macchiato: Espresso topped with foam.

17.    Mocha latte: Espresso with chocolate, steamed milk, and foam.

18.    Red eye: Espresso with brewed coffee.

19.    Snickerdoodle: Espresso with hazelnut, caramel, chocolate, steamed milk, and foam.

20.    Vanilla chai tea latte: Chai tea with vanilla and steamed milk.

21.    Vanilla white mocha latte: Espresso with white chocolate, vanilla, steamed milk, and foam.

22.    White mocha latte: Espresso with white chocolate, steamed milk, and foam.

THE WHITE HOUSE MEMO with phonetics

THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
February 2, 2018

The Honorable Devin Nunes
Chairman, House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence(in-tel-i-juhns)
United States Capitol
Washington, DC 20515

Dear Mr. Chairman:

On January 29, 2018, the House Permanent(pur-muh-nuhnt) Select Committee on Intelligence (hereinafter “the Committee”) voted to disclose publicly a memorandum containing classified information provided to the Committee in connection with its oversight activities (the “Memorandum,” which is attached to this letter). As provided by clause 11(g) of Rule of the House of Representatives, the Committee has forwarded this Memorandum to the President based on its determination that the release of the Memorandum would serve the public interest.

The Constitution(kon-sti-too-shuhn) vests the President with the authority to protect national security secrets from it disclosure. As the Supreme Court has recognized, it is the President’s responsibility to classify, declassify, and control access to information bearing on our intelligence sources and methods and national defense. See, Dep of Navy v. Egan, 484 US. 518, 527 (1988). In order to facilitate appropriate congressional oversight, the Executive Branch may entrust classified information to the appropriate committees of Congress, as it has done in connection with the Committee’s oversight activities here. The Executive Branch does so on the assumption that the Committee will responsibly protect such classified information, consistent with the laws of the United States.


The Committee has now determined that the release of the Memorandum would be appropriate. The Executive(ig-zek-yuh-tiv)Branch, across Administrations of both parties, has worked to accommodate congressional requests to declassify specific materials in the public interest. However, public release of classified information by unilateral action of the Legislative Branch is extremely rare and raises significant separation of powers concerns. Accordingly, the Committee’s request to release the Memorandum is interpreted as a request for declassification pursuant to the President’s authority.

The President understands that the protection of our national security represents his highest obligation. Accordingly, he has directed lawyers and national security staff to assess the declassification request, consistent with established standards governing the handling of classified(klas-uh-fahyd) information, including those under Section 3.1(d) of Executive Order 13526. Those standards permit declassification when the public interest in disclosure outweighs any need to protect the information. The White House review process also included input from the Office of the Director of National Intelligence and the Department of Justice. Consistent with this review and these standards, the President has determined that declassification of the Memorandum is appropriate.

Based on this assessment(uh-ses-muhnt) and in light of the significant public interest in the memorandum, the President has authorized the declassification of the Memorandum. To be clear, the Memorandum reflects the judgments of its congressional authors. The President understands that oversight concerning matters related to the Memorandum may be continuing. Though the circumstances leading to the declassification through this process are extraordinary, the Executive Branch stands ready to work with Congress to accommodate oversight requests consistent with applicable standards and processes, including the need to protect intelligence sources and methods.


Sincerely,
Donald F. McGahn II
Counsel to the President

cc: The Honorable Paul Ryan
Speaker of the House of Representatives

The Honorable Adam Schiff
Ranking Member, House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence

Declassified by order of the President
February 2, 2018

January 18, 2018

To: HPSCI Majority Members
From: HPSCI Majority Staff
Subject: Foreign(fawr-in)Intelligence Surveillance Act Abuses at the Department of Justice and the Federal Bureau of Investigation

Purpose

This memorandum provides Members an update on significant facts relating to the Committee’s ongoing investigation into the Department of Justice (DOJ) and Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and their use of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) during the 2016 presidential election cycle. Our findings, which are detailed below, 1) raise concerns with the legitimacy and legality of certain DOJ and FBI interactions with the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court (FISC), and 2) represent a troubling breakdown of legal processes established to protect the American people from abuses related to the FISA process.


Investigation Update

On October 21, 2016, DOJ and FBI sought and received a FISA probable cause order (not under Title VII) authorizing electronic surveillance(ser-vey-luhns)on Carter Page from the FISC. Page is a US citizen who served as a volunteer advisor to the Trump presidential campaign. Consistent with requirements under FISA, the application had to be first certified by the Director or Deputy Director of the FBI. It then required the approval of the Attorney General, Deputy Attorney General (DAG), or the Senate-confirmed Assistant Attorney General for the National Security Division.

The FBI and DOJ obtained one initial(ih-nish-uhl) FISA warrant targeting Carter Page and three FISA renewals from the FISC. As required by statute (50 U.S.C. 1805(d)(1)), a FISA order on an American citizen must be renewed by the ISC every 90 days and each renewal requires a separate finding of probable cause. Then-Director James Comey signed three FISA applications in question on behalf of the FBI, and Deputy Director Andrew McCabe signed one. Sally Yates, then-Acting DAG Dana Boente, and DAG Rod Rosenstein each signed one or more FISA applications on behalf of DOJ.

Due to the sensitive nature of foreign intelligence activity, FISA submissions (including renewals) before the ISC are classified. As such, the public’s confidence in the integrity of the FISA process depends on the court’s ability to hold the government to the highest standard -- particularly as it relates to surveillance of American citizens. However, the rigor in protecting the rights of Americans, which is reinforced by 90-day renewals of surveillance orders, is necessarily dependent on the government’s production to the court of all material and relevant facts. This should include information potentially favorable to the target of the FISA application that is known by the government. In the case of Carter Page, the government had at least four independent opportunities before the FISC to accurately(ak-yer-it-ly) provide an accounting of the relevant facts. However, our findings indicate that, as described below, material and relevant information was omitted.

1) The “dossier” (dos-ee-ey) compiled by Christopher Steele (Steele dossier) on behalf of the Democratic National Committee (DNC) and the Hillary Clinton campaign formed an essential part of the Carter Page FISA application. Steele was a longtime FBI source who was paid over $160,000 by the DNC and Clinton campaign, via the law firm Perkins Coie and research firm Fusion GPS, to obtain derogatory information on Donald Trump’s ties to Russia.

a) Neither the initial application in October 2016, nor any of the renewals, disclose or reference the role of the DNC, Clinton campaign, or. any party/campaign in funding Steele’s efforts, even though the political(puh-lit-i-kuhl) origins of the Steele dossier were then known to senior and FBI officials.

b) The initial FISA application notes Steele was working for a named US. person, but does not name Fusion(fyoo-zhuhn) GPS and principal Glenn Simpson, who was paid by a US. Law firm (Perkins Coie) representing the DNC (even though it was known by DOI at the, time that political actors were involved with the Steele dossier). The application does not mention Steele was ultimately working on behalf of -- and paid by -- the DNC and Clinton campaign, or that the FBI had separately authorized payment to Steele for the same information.

2) The Carter Page FISA application(ap-li-key-shuhn) also cited extensively a September 23, 2016, Yahoo News article by Michael Isikoff, which focuses on Page’s July 2016 trip to Moscow. This article does not corroborate the Steele dossier because it is derived from information leaked by Steele himself to Yahoo News. The Page FISA application incorrectly assesses that Steele did not directly provide information to Yahoo News. Steele has admitted in British court filings that he met with Yahoo News -- and several other outlets – in September 2016 at the direction of Fusion GPS. Perkins Coie was aware of Steele’s initial media contacts because they hosted at least one meeting in Washington DC. in 2016 with Steele and Fusion GPS where this matter was discussed."

a) Steele was suspended and then terminated as an FBI source for what the FBI defines as the most serious(seer-ee-uhs) of violations -- an unauthorized disclosure to the media of his relationship with the FBI in an October 30, 2016, Mother Jones article by David Corn. Steele should have been terminated for his previous undisclosed contacts with Yahoo and other outlets in September -- before the Page application was submitted to the FISC in October -- but Steele improperly concealed from and lied to the FBI about those contacts.

b) Steele’s numerous(noo-mer-uhs)( encounters with the media violated the cardinal rule of source handling -- maintaining confidentiality -- and demonstrated that Steele had become a less than reliable source for the FBI.


3) Before and after Steele was terminated as a source, he maintained contact with DOJ via then-Associate Deputy Attorney General Bruce Ohr, a senior DOJ official who worked closely with Deputy Attorneys General Yates and later Rosenstein. Shortly after the election, the FBI began interviewing Ohr, documenting his communications with Steele. For example, in September 2016, Steele admitted to Ohr his feelings against then-candidate Trump when Steele said he “was desperate that Donald Trump not get elected and was passionate about him not, being president.” This clear evidence of Steele’s bias was recorded by Ohr at the time and subsequently in official FBI files – but not reflected in any of the Page FISA applications.

a) During this same time period, Ohr’s wife was employed by Fusion GPS to assist in the cultivation(kuhl-tuh-vey-shuhn) of opposition research on Trump. Ohr later provided the FBI with all of his wife’s opposition research, paid for by the DNC and Clinton campaign via Fusion GPS. The Ohrs’ relationship with Steele and Fusion GPS was inexplicably concealed from the FISC.

4) According to the head of the counterintelligence(koun-ter-in-tel-i-juhns) division, Assistant Director Bill Priestap, corroboration of the Steele dossier was in its “infancy” at the time of the initial Page FISA application. After Steele was terminated, a source validation report conducted by an independent unit within FBI assessed Steele’s reporting as only minimally corroborated. Yet, in early January 2017, Director Comey briefed President-elect Trump on a summary of the Steele dossier, even though it was -- according to his June 2017 testimony – “salacious and unverified.” While the FISA application relied on Steele’s past record of credible reporting on other unrelated matters, it ignored or concealed his anti-Trump financial and ideological motivations. Furthermore, Deputy Director McCabe testified before the Committee in December 2017 that no surveillance warrant would have been sought from the FISC without the Steele dossier information.

5) The Page FISA application also mentions information regarding fellow Trump campaign advisor(ad-vahy-zer) George Papadopoulos, but there is no evidence of any cooperation or conspiracy between Page and Papadopoulos. The Papadopoulos information triggered the opening of an FBI counterintelligence investigation in late July 2016 by FBI agent Pete Strzok. Strzok was reassigned by the Special Counsel’s Office to FBI Human Resources for improper text messages with his mistress, FBI Attorney Lisa Page (no known relation to Carter Page), where they both demonstrated a clear bias against Trump and in favor of Clinton, Whom Strzok had also investigated. The Strzok/Lisa Page texts also reflect extensive discussions about the investigation, orchestrating leaks to the media, and include a meeting with Deputy Director McCabe to discuss an “insurance” policy against President Trump’s election.

American English New Word Review

1.       Abject(ab-jekt): A situation or condition of the most contemptible kind, extremely bad, unpleasant, and degrading.

2.       Aberration (ab-uh-rey-shuhn): A state or condition markedly different from the norm.

3.       Abjure (ab-joo r): To reject or disavow a formerly held belief.

4.       Abnegation(ab-ni-gey-shuhn): The denial and rejection of a doctrine or belief.

5.       Abrogate(ab-ruh-geyt): To revoke formally.

6.       abscond(ab-skond): To run away, often taking something or somebody along.

7.       abstruse(ab-stroos): Something or someone that is difficult to penetrate.

8.       accede(ak-seed): To yield to another's wish or opinion.

9.       accost(uh-kawst): To speak to someone.

10.    accretion(uh-kree-shuhn): An increase by natural growth or addition.

11.    acumen(uh-kyoo-muhn) (ak-yuh): Shrewdness shown by keen insight.

12.    adamant (ad-uh-muh nt): Being impervious to pleas, persuasion, requests, reason.

13.    admonish(ad-mon-ish): To scold or reprimand to take to task.

14.    adumbrate(a-duhm-breyt) To describe roughly or give the main points or summary of.

15.    adverse(ad-vurs): In an opposing direction.

16.    advocate(ad-vuh-keyt): A person who pleads for a person, cause, or idea.

17.    affluent (af-loo-uh nt): Having an abundant supply of money or possessions of value.

18.    aggrandize(uh-gran-dahyz): Add details to.

19.    alacrity(uh-lak-ri-tee): Liveliness and eagerness.

20.    alias (ey-lee-uh s): A name that has been assumed temporarily.

21.    ambivalent(am-biv-uh-luhnt): Uncertain or unable to decide about what course to follow.

22.    amenable (uh-mee-nuh-buh l): Disposed or willing to comply.

23.    amorphous (uh-mawr-fuh s) Having no definite form or distinct shape.

24.    anachronistic (uh-nak-ruh-nis-tik: Chronologically misplaced.

25.    anathema (uh-nath-uh-muh: A formal ecclesiastical curse accompanied by excommunication

26.    annex(uh-neks): To attach to.

27.    antediluvian (an-tee-di-loo-vee-uh) n., Of or relating to the period before the biblical flood, out of date, outdated, outmoded, old-fashioned, antiquated, behind the times, passé.

28.    antiseptic (an-tuh-sep-tik): Thoroughly clean and free of disease-causing organisms, sterile, aseptic, germ-free, uncontaminated.

29.    apathetic(ap-uh-thet-ik): Showing little or no emotion or animation, uninterested, indifferent, unconcerned, unmoved, uninvolved, disinterested, unemotional, emotionless, dispassionate, lukewarm, unmotivated, halfhearted, couldn't-care-less.

30.    antithesis(an-tith-uh-sis): The exact opposite, opposite, converse, contrary, reverse, inverse, obverse.

31.    apocryphal(ah-pok-ruh-fuhl): Being of questionable authenticity, fictitious, made-up, untrue, fabricated, false, spurious, unverified, unauthenticated, unsubstantiated, bogus.

32.    approbation (ap-ruh-bey-shuh): n., Official approval, approval, acceptance, endorsement, appreciation,

33.    arbitrary(ahr-bi-trer-ee): Based on or subject to individual discretion or preference; capricious, whimsical, random, chance, unpredictable

34.    arboreal (ahr-bawr-ee-uh l): Of or relating to or formed by trees.

35.    arcane (ahr-keyn): Mysterious, secret, enigmatic, esoteric, cryptic, obscure, abstruse, recondite.

36.    archetypal(ahr-ki-tahy-puhl): adj., Of an original type after which other things are patterned.

37.    arrogate(ar-uh-geyt): Seize and take control without authority, assume, claim, appropriate, seize, expropriate, wrest, usurp.

38.    ascetic(uh-set-ik): Someone who practices self-denial as a spiritual discipline; austere, self-denying, abstinent, abstemious, self-disciplined

39.    aspersion(uh-spur-zhuh) n: A disparaging remark, vilify, disparage, denigrate, defame, run down, impugn, belittle.

40.    assiduous(uh-sij-oo-uhs) adj., Marked by care and persistent effort; diligent, careful, meticulous, thorough, sedulous, attentive.

‘Oprah For President’ Billboard Spotted Near LA Freeways

Oprah for President: Golden Globes speech

In the not so future: Oprah for President

Oprah Winfrey accepted the Cecil B. DeMille Award for lifetime achievement at the Golden Globes on Sunday and delivered a moving speech that brought men and women in the audience to their feet.

Below is a full transcript of Winfrey's acceptance speech.

In 1964, I was a little girl sitting on the linoleum floor of my mother's house in Milwaukee watching Anne Bancroft present the Oscar for best actor at the 36th Academy Awards. She opened the envelope and said five words that literally made history: "The winner is Sidney Poitier." Up to the stage came the most elegant man I had ever seen. 

I remember his tie was white, and of course his skin was black, and I had never seen a black man being celebrated like that. I tried many, many times to explain what a moment like that means to a little girl, a kid watching from the cheap seats as my mom came through the door bone tired from cleaning other people's houses. 

But all I can do is quote and say that the explanation in Sidney's performance in "Lilies of the Field":"Amen, amen, amen, amen."In 1982, Sidney received the Cecil B. DeMille award right here at the Golden Globes and it is not lost on me that at this moment, there are some little girls watching as I become the first black woman to be given this same award. It is an honor -- it is an honor and it is a privilege to share the evening with all of them and also with the incredible men and women who have inspired me, who challenged me, who sustained me and made my journey to this stage possible. 

Dennis Swanson who took a chance on me for "A.M. Chicago." Quincy Jones who saw me on that show and said to Steven Spielberg, "Yes, she is Sophia in 'The Color Purple.'" Gayle who has been the definition of what a friend is, and Stedman who has been my rock -- just a few to name.I want to thank the Hollywood Foreign Press Association because we all know the press is under siege these days.

 

We also know it's the insatiable dedication to uncovering the absolute truth that keeps us from turning a blind eye to corruption and to injustice. To -- to tyrants and victims, and secrets and lies. I want to say that I value the press more than ever before as we try to navigate these complicated times, which brings me to this: what I know for sure is that speaking your truth is the most powerful tool we all have. 

And I'm especially proud and inspired by all the women who have felt strong enough and empowered enough to speak up and share their personal stories. Each of us in this room are celebrated because of the stories that we tell, and this year we became the story.But it's not just a story affecting the entertainment industry. It's one that transcends any culture, geography, race, religion, politics, or workplace. So I want tonight to express gratitude to all the women who have endured years of abuse and assault because they, like my mother, had children to feed and bills to pay and dreams to pursue. 

They're the women whose names we'll never know. They are domestic workers and farm workers. They are working in factories and they work in restaurants and they're in academia, engineering, medicine, and science. They're part of the world of tech and politics and business. They're our athletes in the Olympics and they're our soldiers in the military.And there's someone else, Recy Taylor, a name I know and I think you should know, too. In 1944, Recy Taylor was a young wife and mother walking home from a church service she'd attended in Abbeville, Alabama, when she was abducted by six armed white men, raped, and left blindfolded by the side of the road coming home from church. 

They threatened to kill her if she ever told anyone, but her story was reported to the NAACP where a young worker by the name of Rosa Parks became the lead investigator on her case and together they sought justice. But justice wasn't an option in the era of Jim Crow. The men who tried to destroy her were never persecuted. Recy Taylor died ten days ago, just shy of her 98th birthday. She lived as we all have lived, too many years in a culture broken by brutally powerful men. For too long, women have not been heard or believed if they dare speak the truth to the power of those men. 

But their time is up. Their time is up.Their time is up. And I just hope -- I just hope that Recy Taylor died knowing that her truth, like the truth of so many other women who were tormented in those years, and even now tormented, goes marching on. It was somewhere in Rosa Parks' heart almost 11 years later, when she made the decision to stay seated on that bus in Montgomery, and it's here with every woman who chooses to say, "Me too." And every man -- every man who chooses to listen.In my career, what I've always tried my best to do, whether on television or through film, is to say something about how men and women really behave. 

To say how we experience shame, how we love and how we rage, how we fail, how we retreat, persevere and how we overcome. I've interviewed and portrayed people who've withstood some of the ugliest things life can throw at you, but the one quality all of them seem to share is an ability to maintain hope for a brighter morning, even during our darkest nights. So I want all the girls watching here, now, to know that a new day is on the horizon! 

And when that new day finally dawns, it will be because of a lot of magnificent women, many of whom are right here in this room tonight, and some pretty phenomenal men, fighting hard to make sure that they become the leaders who take us to the time when nobody ever has to say "Me too" again.

Literary Terms, short list.

Literary Terms

Alliteration(al-lit-er-a-tion): The repetition of the same letter or sound at the front of consecutive words. For example, Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.

Assonance (as-uh-nuh ns): Repeating vowel sounds in verse or prose.

Hyperbole (hahy-pur-buh-lee): boastful comments or claims that are used as examples and not meant to be taken literally. i.e., I could eat a horse. Synonyms include: embellishment, magnify, and exaggerate.

Metaphor (met-aw-fawr): A metaphor is a comparison without like, as or than. For example: The star twinkled loudly. A comparison of unlike objects.

Motif (moh-teef): Weather, geography, season, illness, violence, characters, a recurring subject, theme, idea, etc., especially in a literary, artistic, or musical work.

Personification (per-son-uh-fi-key-shuhn): Adding a human quality to a non-human thing or idea. For example, the sky wept.

Similes (sim-uh-leez): Similes use like, as, or than, to make comparisons. My love is like a red rose.

Symbol: Objects that are used to represent an idea or subtext.

Writing, rewriting, drafting, editing, revising, publishing

• Drafting (draf-ting): A first draft is the beginning step in the creation of a document.The process of collecting notes, writing outlines, and early drafts.

• Editing(ed-iting): The correcting process of the document, removing and adding material, fixing punctuation.

• Revising (ri-vahyzing): Reviewing material, getting notes and adding material to a project.

• Publishing (puhb-li-shing): The final step in the cycle, whether digital or printed copies of the material.

• Colon (koh-luhn): A colon is used to connect two parts of a sentence: the second part balances out the first part or answers the obvious question, [:]. Use a colon to introduce a concept or quotation that has an explanation or details that follow the colon. Also, use a colon after the opening salutation of a formal letter, or between hours and minutes in expressing time. For an informal letter, use a comma after the introduction, also use a colon for ratios as well as to separate titles and subtitles in a list.